PARSEC V2.0 - Intermediate to Very massive stellar tracks

In this database can be found stellar evolutionary tracks, their ejecta and the production rates of ionizing photons. All details on the physical assumptions, and on the evolutionary properties of the tracks can be find in Costa, Shepherd et al. 2025.

The files are divided in three data groups which contains:

In the following, we describe the content of each file type.

Stellar evolutionary tracks

The grids of stellar tracks contains models computed with a mass that ranges from 2 M\odot to 2000 M\odot, in the metallicity range between Z=1E-11 and Z=0.0001, and from 2 M\odot to 600 M\odot, in the metallicity range between Z=0.001 and Z=0.03. The total dataset contains more than ~1100 tracks. All stellar tracks have been computed with PARSEC v2.0, details can be find in the paper cited above.

The tables for each stellar track contains the quantities listed in the following table

Column number Quantity Description
1 MASS Current total mass [M\odot]
2 AGE Age [yr]
3 Dtime Time-step of the previous model [yr]
4 LOG_L log10 total luminosity [log10 L\odot]
5 LOG_TE Effective temperature [log10 K]
6 RSTAR Star radius [cm]
7 CONV Mass of the convective core (incl. overshooting) [M/Mtot]
8 QSCHW Mass of the unstable core (Schwartzschild criterion, w/o overshooting) [M/Mtot]
9 QHEL Mass of the He-core, i.e. where X < 10-3 [M/Mtot]
10 QCAROX Mass of the Carbon Oxygen (CO) core, i.e. where Y = 10-3 [M/Mtot]
11 LOG_Tc log10 central temperature [log10 K]
12 LOG_RHc log10 central density [log10 g cm-3]
13 LOG_Pc log10 central pressure [log10 10-1 Pa]
14 PSI_C Degeneracy parameter in the center
15 G1_AVG Averaged Γ\Gamma1 adiabatic index (through the whole star)
16 XCEN Central H1 mass fraction
17 XHE3C Central He3 mass fraction
18 YCEN Central He4 mass fraction
19 XC_CEN Central C12 mass fraction
20 XN_CEN Central N14 mass fraction
21 XO_CEN Central O16 mass fraction
22 XNE_CEN Central Ne20+Ne22 mass fraction
23 XMG_CEN Central Mg24+Mg25+Mg26 mass fraction
24 XSI28_CEN Central Si28 mass fraction
25 XS32_CEN Central S32 mass fraction
26 XAR36_CEN Central Ar36 mass fraction
27 XCA40_CEN Central Ca40 mass fraction
28 XTI44_CEN Central Ti44 mass fraction
29 RATE Mass loss or accretion rate [M\odot yr-1]
30 Xsup Surface H1 mass fraction
31 Ysup Surface He4 mass fraction
32 XCsup Surface C12 mass fraction
33 XC13sup Surface C13 mass fraction
34 XNsup Surface N14 mass fraction
35 XOsup Surface O16 mass fraction
36 XO18sup Surface O18 mass fraction
37 XNEsup Surface Ne20 + Ne22 mass fraction
38 XMGsup Surface Mg24 + Mg25 + Mg26 mass fraction
39 POLRAD_ENV Star polar radius [cm]
40 EQRAD_ENV Star equatorial radius [cm]
41 OMG_ENV Angular rotation rate = angular velocity / angular critical velocity
42 ANG_VEL_ENV envelope angular velocity [cm s-1]
43 TANVEL_ENV tangential linear velocity at the equator[cm s-1]
44 TOT_INERTIA Total moment of inertia of the star [g cm2]
45 TOT_ANGMOM Total angular momentum [g cm2 s-1]
46 TOT_MOM_LOST Total angular momentum lost due to stellar wind [g cm2 s-1]
47 R_CONV Radius at CONV [log10 cm]
48 RHEL Radius at QHEL [log10 cm]
49 R_CAROX Radius at QCAROX [log10 cm]
50 INERTIA_HEL He-core inertia [g cm2]
51 ANGMOM_HEL He-core angular momentum [g cm2 s-1]
52 INERTIA_CAROX CO-core inertia [g cm2]
53 ANGMOM_CAROX CO-core angular momentum [g cm2 s-1]
54 TMAX Maximum temperature [log10 K]
55 RHTMAX Density where T = TMAX [log10 g cm-3]
56 QTMAX Mass coordinate where T = TMAX [M/Mtot]
57 LNUC Luminosity produced by nuclear burning [L/Ltot]
58 LX Luminosity by hydrogen burning [L/Ltot]
59 LY Luminosity by helium burning [L/Ltot]
60 LC Luminosity by carbon burning [L/Ltot]
61 LNEUTR Neutrinos luminosity [L/Ltot]
62 L_GRAV Gravitational luminosity [L/Ltot]
63 L_ACC Accretion luminosity [L/Ltot]
64 Q_CNV Mass coordinate depth of convective envelope [M/Mtot]
65 DPTH_CNV Radial depth of convective envelope [log10 cm]
66 INERTIA_CNV Inertia of the convective envelope [g cm2]
67 ANGMOM_CNV Angular momentum of the convective envelope [g cm2 s-1]
68 TCNV_YR Turnover timescale of convective bubble [yr]
69 T20L10 Atmosphere temperature of the gas at τ\tau = 20 [log10 K]
70 RH20L10 Atmosphere density of the gas at τ\tau = 20 [log10 g cm-3]
71 P20L10 Atmosphere pressure of the gas at τ\tau = 20 [log10 10-1 Pa]
72 TE20L10 Effective temperature at τ\tau = 20 [log10 K]
73 R20L10 Atmosphere radius at τ\tau = 20 [log10 cm]
74 MU20 Atmosphere molecular weight at τ\tau = 20 [log10 cm]
75 T2_3L10 Atmosphere temperature of the gas at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 K]
76 RH2_3L10 Atmosphere density of the gas at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 g cm-3]
77 P2_3L10 Atmosphere pressure of the gas at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 10-1 Pa]
78 TE2_3L10 temperature from Stefan-Boltzmann law at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 K]
79 R2_3L10 Atmosphere radius at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 cm]
80 MU2_3 Atmosphere molecular weight at τ\tau = 2/3 [log10 cm]

Stellar ejecta tables

Chemical ejecta are computed for all track from 14 M\odot and above, by integrating throughout the whole evolution of the star, and taking into account for the different final fates. Stellar ejecta are given in two tables:

In the header of each file it is indicated the initial composition. The quantities contained in each total ejecta file are listed below:

Column number Quantity Description
1 Min Initial mass at the Zero-Age Main-Sequence [M\odot]
2 Mfin Final mass at the pre-SN stage (end of PARSEC computation) [M\odot]
3 M_HE Final He-core mass at the pre-SN stage [M\odot]
4 M_CO Final CO-core mass at the pre-SN stage [M\odot]
5 Mrem Remnant mass [M\odot]
6 Mbar Barionic mass content before neutrinos escape [M\odot]
7 NI56 Nickel ejected [M\odot]
8 SNT Supernova type. Core Collapse SuperNova (CCSN), Failed SN (FSN), Pulsational Pair-Instability SN (PPISN), Pair-Instability SN (PISN), Direct Black Hole collapse (DBH)
9 H Hydrogen mass ejected [M\odot]
10 HE3 Helium-3 mass ejected [M\odot]
11 HE4 Helium mass ejected [M\odot]
12 LI7 Lithium mass ejected [M\odot]
13 BE7 Berylium mass ejected [M\odot]
14 C12 Carbon mass ejected [M\odot]
15 C13 Carbon-13 mass ejected [M\odot]
16 N14 Nitrogen mass ejected [M\odot]
17 N15 Nitrogen-15 mass ejected [M\odot]
18 O16 Oxygen mass ejected [M\odot]
19 O17 Oxygen-17 mass ejected [M\odot]
20 O18 Oxygen-18 mass ejected [M\odot]
21 F19 Fluorine mass ejected [M\odot]
22 NE20 Neon mass ejected [M\odot]
23 NE21 Neon-21 mass ejected [M\odot]
24 NE22 Neon-22 mass ejected [M\odot]
25 NA23 Sodium mass ejected [M\odot]
26 MG24 Magnesium mass ejected [M\odot]
27 MG25 Magnesium-25 mass ejected [M\odot]
28 MG26 Magnesium-26 mass ejected [M\odot]
29 AL26 Aluminium-26 mass ejected [M\odot]
30 AL27 Aluminium mass ejected [M\odot]
31 SI28 Silicon mass ejected [M\odot]
32 SI29 Silicon-29 mass ejected [M\odot]
33 P Phosphorus mass ejected [M\odot]
34 S Sulfur mass ejected [M\odot]
35 CL Chlorine mass ejected [M\odot]
36 AR Argon mass ejected [M\odot]
37 K Potassium mass ejected [M\odot]
38 CA Calcium mass ejected [M\odot]
39 SC Scandium mass ejected [M\odot]
40 TI Titanium mass ejected [M\odot]
41 V Vanadium mass ejected [M\odot]
42 CR Chromium mass ejected [M\odot]
43 MN Manganese mass ejected [M\odot]
44 FE Iron mass ejected [M\odot]
45 CO Cobalt mass ejected [M\odot]
46 NI Nickel mass ejected [M\odot]
47 CU Copper mass ejected [M\odot]
48 ZN Zinc mass ejected [M\odot]

The quantities in the winds ejecta files are a subset of those presented above.

Ionizing photons tables

The ionizing photons tables contains the number of photons per second emitted from the stars' surface during the evolution. The production rate is computed for photons with energies high enough to ionize H, He, He+, O+, and the UV Lyman-Werner band (able to dissociate the H2 molecule). Each table include the following quantities:

Column number Quantity Description
1 Myr Age [Myr]
2 MASS Current mass of the star [M\odot]
3 LG_L log10 total luminosity [log10 L\odot]
4 LG_TE Effective temperature [log10 K]
5 LG_R_cm Star radius [log10 cm]
6 LG_Q_H_sec HI ionizing photons rate [log10 #phot s-1]
7 LG_Q_HEI_sec HEI ionizing photons rate [log10 #phot s-1]
8 LG_Q_HEII_sec HEII ionizing photons rate [log10 #phot s-1]
9 LG_Q_OII_sec OII ionizing photons rate [log10 #phot s-1]
10 LG_QWERNER_sec Lyman-Werner ionizing photons rate [log10 #phot s-1]